exercise 4

alternating approach appropriate appropriate appropriate attributes attributes automated available computed computing concept consistent constrain constructed context context context conversely defined diverse diverse duration environment environment environment estimated evolve finally furthermore generated guarantee impact initiated invoked involve involved involved major outcome outcomes parameters parameters parameters parameters parameters parameters participate potential procedure process releasing relevant relevant scenarios section select select select selected selecting specific specifies target terminating transition triggered triggered triggering triggers triggers

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exercise3

33.1
collocations in English (1) fall into a number of different categories. In this article I should like to draw a (2) distinction between "ordinary" collocations and those that are so fixed that they can be called idioms. Although my main focus is on "ordinary" collocations, I shall also to some extent (3) take idioms into consideration too. I plan to (4) raise a number of questions about learning  collocations in a foreign or second language. I shall attempt to answer these questions by (5) making reference to the work of the leading writers in the field. My intention is to make a strong (6) case for a more intensive focus on collocation in the language learning process. I shall also (7) touch on issues such as pronunciation.

33.2
1.Assess the significance of a factor.
2.argue something very convincingly.
3.draw an analogy.
4.lend support to an argument.
5.put forward an argument.
6.hold firmly to a belief.
7.draw attention to a new trend.
8.lay emphasis on one factor.
9.disagree profoundly with someone.
10.draw a conclusion.

33.3
1. This paper (presents) the case for the complete revision of the theory.
2. Recent (suggests) that Jackson's theory of economic development is flawed.
3. The author of the book (adopts) an unusual position on the topic.
4. The writer of the article (states) his opinion very clearly.
5. The article concludes by (briefly) summarizing the main points that the author wishes to put across.
6 The writer (draws) some interesting parallels between life now and life in the Middle Age.
7. I (hold) firmly to my belief in the importance of basic human right.
8. The book (raises) some key questions but fails to deal with them in a satisfactory manner.

Book review for the Rango

  The book Rango was about a green chameleon who walked into the town of Dirt looking for water. In fact, I have watched the movie before, and I thought both the movie and book were funny. At first, Rango lied about the story of killing the Jenkins brothers in the bar. After they walked out of the bar, Rango saw a very big bird and the bird went after him. Luckily, the water tower fell onto the bird. So he got the big bird by accident and became the hero and new sheriff of Dirt town.

  The animals of Dirt wanted water, so Rango led the team looking for water along the pipe. At the end of pipe, they found some mud. The mayor thought Rango may discover his secret, so he asked for Rattlesnake Jack, a very big snake. When the animals came back to town, they were frightened and ran away. And Rango was drowned out of the town. When he walked in the desert, he met Roadkill again and found out mayor’s secret and a big water pipe. The mayor stored the water and planned to build a new city on the land, he didn’t want the town of Dirt. Then Rango went back to the town and released the water from the big water pipe. At last, Rattlesnake Jack, the big snake took the mayor away with him and the animals got the water supply. Rango became a real hero at the end of story.
In the story, Rango lied at first, but after he became the new sheriff, he tried to run the small town Dirt although it didn’t go as planned. At last he faced the big snake that the animals were frightened of and won the fight and water supply. He learned his lesson and grew up as a real hero. It’s a funny book and can teach younger kids what and what not to do, and how to be a good friend and be honest.

exercise2

31.2
1.theses
2.criterion
3.phenomenon
4.hypotheses

31.3
1.We must never accept the notion that intelligence is connected to race.
2.The task of choosing an analytical framework is an important stage in any research.
3.The book expresses his viewpoint on the role of the United Nations in times of war.
4.Tannen has always made her stance on gender and language use very clear.
5.Consumers have different perceptions of what low price and high quality mean.
6.The report laid out a new model of family healthcare which changed everything.

31.4
1.autonomy
2.humanity
3.profound
4.consciousness
5.moral
6.grounding

Self-introduction

  My name is Liu Zhipeng, I'm from Hubei province of China. I have been in Japan for almost one year. In April, I entered Kumamoto University as a graduated student, majoring in Social environmental engineering. After the entrance ceremony, the Kumamoto Earthquake happened, it was terrible but also an unforgettable experience. It's really a coincidence that our Lab is researching about the earthquake. So, the professor takes it as a good chance to carry out the field survey and build model of the bridges. Therefore, it gets busy after the earthquake.
  Before I came Japan, I got to know it through cartoons. And I spent much time watching cartoons and movies in my college days. So it was a pity that I didn't travel around and  experience a different way of life. This also may be the reason for my study abroad. These days, I am trying to learn Japanese and English, also make friends from other countries.




Exercises
30.2
1.The article explores the origins of the concept of democracy.
2.One small explosion set off a chain reaction, causing massive damage.
3.The confusion probably stemmed from a lack of communication.
4.The proposed new tax could have major consequences for larger families.
5.The disastrous events of 2003 gave rise to a widespread sense of disillusionment.
6.The judge explained that there were precedents for his decision.

30.3
1.De Routa's work in the 1970s influenced on the development of computer science.
2.The acid seemed to have no effect whatsoever on the plastic.
3.Everyone hoped for a positive outcome upon to the meeting between the two governments.
4.The reason for the failure of the project was alack of funding.
5.The impact of global warming on the polar ice caps is now understood more clearly.
6.The journalist wondered what particular ending the government had in mind when it decided to build a national tennis academy.